ACCESS
Fabrication and Pulse Sequences Evaluation of Iron Oxides Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agent
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the in vivo MRI contrast agent of magnetic nanoparticles using pulse sequences at low field Tesla. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles were prepared with different weight percentage (2wt. % and 4wt. %) by co-precipitation method. Magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). XRD results showed that magnetic nanoparticles have an average crystalline size of 7.6nm and 5.1nm. Morphology of iron oxide nanoparticles was evaluated by SEM that elaborated non spherical and spherical structure of magnetic nanoparticle. Elemental analysis by EDX spectrum showed Fe, O and Cl present in iron oxide nanoparticles. VSM studies indicated the superparamagnetic nature of particle the saturation magnetization (Ms) of 2wt. % and 4wt. % were 29.4 emu/cm-3 and 75.8 emu/cm-3 respectively. T1-W and T2-W MRI images of liver and spleen were taken by Spin Echo (SE). Intensity of signal induced by contrast agent of magnetic nanoparticle for control, S.I and S.D for liver is 98 ±22 and, S.I and S.D for spleen is 111±17. For spin echo (SE), S.I and S.D for liver is 207 ±32 and , S.I and S.D for spleen is 189±32.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) results demonstrated that superparamagnetic nanoparticles have showed high signal intensity on T2-W images that can be used as capable candidate for T2-W MRI modalities.
Article Details
Section
References
S. Yunus, A. A. Rashid, S. A. Latip, N. R. Abdullah, M. A. Ahmad, and A. H. AbdullahComparative study of used and unused engine oil (perodua genuine and castrol magnatec oil) based on property analysis basis, Procedia Eng. 68(5), 326, (2013).
R. Saeed., S. Masood, and N. H. Siddiqui., The Viscosity of Crude Oils in 1,4-Dioxan, Petrol. Sci. Technol. 32(6), 688, (2014).
A. Francois, Waste Engine Oils Refining and Energy Recovery. Elsevier Amsterdam (2006).
D. I. Osman,S. K. Attia, and A. R. Taman, A.R, Recycling of used engine oil by different solvent, Egyptian J. Petrol, 279(2), 221, (2018).
E. A. Emam, and A. M. Shoaib, Re-refining of used lube oil, I- by solvent extraction and vacuum distillation followed by hydrotreating, Petrol. Coal, 55 (3), 179, (2013).
E. A. Emam, and A. M. Shoaib, Re-refining of used lube oil, II- by solvent/clay and acid/clay-percolation processes, ARPN J. Sci. Tech.,11(2), 1034, (2012).
R. Abro, X. Chen, K. Harijan, Z. A. Dhakan and M. Ammar, A Comparative Study of Recycling of Used Engine Oil Using Extraction by Composite Solvent, ISRN Chem. Eng., 3, 1, (2013).
N. M. Abdel-Jabbar, E. Al. Zubaidy, and M. Mehrvar, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Tech.,4(2), 141, (2010).
H. A. Durrani, Re-Refining Recovery Methods of Used Lubricating Oil, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech, 3, 1216, (2014).
R. R. Mohammed, I. A. R. Ibrahim, A.H. Taha and G. McKay, Waste lubricating oil treatment by extraction and adsorption, Chem. Eng. J, 220, 343, (2013).
A. Kamal and F. Khan, Effect of Extraction and Adsorption on Re-refining of Used Lubricating Oil, Oil Gas Sci. Tech., 64(2), 191, (2009).
H. A. Durrani, M. I. Panhwar, and R. A. Kazi, Determining an Efficient Solvent Extraction Parameters for Re-Refining of Waste Lubricating Oils. Mehran Uni. Res. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Tech.,3(3), 1216, (2012).
V. Katiyar and S. Husain, Recycling of used lubricating oil using 1-butanol. Int. J. Chem. Sci-Royal Soc. Chem., 8(3), 1999, (2010).
G. A. R. Rassoul and L. S. Mahmmoud, Treating the used automobiles oils using solvents, Iraqi J. Chem. Petrol. Eng.,11(3), 9, (2010).
S. R. Khan, S. Masood, M. Ashfaq, A. Hassan, Rimsha, and U. Haroon, Refining of Used Lubricating Oil by Hexane and Ethyl Acetate through Solvent Extraction Method, Oil Gas European Magazine, 46(4), 21, (2020).
M. Hussein, A. A. Amer and A. S. Gaberah, Used Lubricating Oil re-refining by Solvent Extraction, Am. J. environ. Eng. Sci., 1, 44, (2014).
A, Wolak, W. Karasodomski and G. Zajac, FTIR analysis and monitoring of used synthetic oils operated under similar driving conditions, frictions. (2019).
S. Prabowo and M. Muflihah, Synthesis of Adsorbant from food industry waste for purification of used cooking oil, F1000Research, 8(119), 1, (2019).
M. A. Reis and M. S. Jeronimo, Waste Lubricating Oil Re-Refining by Solvent Extraction Flocculation, A ScientificBasis to Design Efficient Solvents, Ind. Eng, Chem. Res., 27, 1222, (1988).
I. Hamawand, T. Yusaf and S. Rafat, Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a New Washing Agent, Energies., 6, 1023, (2013).
N. O. Elbashir,S. M. Al-Zahrani,M. I. Abdul Mutalib and A. E. Abasaeed, A method of predicting effective solvent extraction parameters for recycling of used lubricating oils, Chem. Eng. Proc., 41, 765, (2002).
J. D. Udonne,A comparative study of recycling of used lubrication Oils using distillation, acid and activated charcoal with clay methods. J. Petrol. Gas Eng., 2(2), 12, (2011).