The Evaluating The Environmental Burden of Alternative Water Sources Under Different Scenarios in Nutrient Film Technique Hydroponic System Using Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Impact of Water Sources in NFT Hydroponics: A Scenario-Based LCA

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture practices are vital to mitigate environmental impacts and address food security. Nutrient film hydroponic system (NFHS) offer a promising alternative to soil based farming by enabling precise resource use and reduced water consumption. This study employees Life cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the sustainability of hydroponic systems using three water sources, Reclaimed Water (RW), Deionised Water (DW) and Conventional Freshwater (CW). Across 15 mixing scenarios. Reclaimed Water consistently exhibited the lowest environmental impacts, including a biotic depletion. Global warming potential and eco toxicity. In contrast, CW-dominated scenarios showed the highest burdens due to energy intensive extraction and distribution. Results emphasize the need to maximize reclaimed water used, optimizing mixing ratios and implementing recycling systems. Policy incentives and stakeholder education are critical for scalable adoption. The findings highlight the potential of NFHS in promoting sustainable agriculture through efficient resource use and waste management. Enhance civility It is essential to maximise the use of reclaimed water while reducing reliance on demise and conventional fresh water. Additionally, optimising mixing ratios, implementing recycling system, monitoring use, educating stakeholder than advancing of supportive policies can further improve hydroponic sustainability.