Analysis of Transient Flow and Heat Transfer in a Vertical Inverted U– Tube Steam Generator

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Jun 22, 2016

Main Article Content

N. A. Shahid
M. O. Ahmad
M. Mushtaq
S. Nazir

Abstract

A mathematical model of a vertical inverted U–tube steam generator (UTSG) is used to analyze the transient flow and heat transfer in it. To simulate the transients, the mathematical model is discretised in time and space coordinates. For the solution of this one dimensional heat problem, a finite differences numerical simulation technique is employed in order to find the temperature distribution of primary and secondary fluids. An optimum boiling length of the tube is also obtained. For further analysis, the temperature distribution profiles of secondary and primary fluids are drawn at specified intervals of time.

Article Details

Issue
2009: Volume 5 JULY 2009
Section
Polymer Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Materials Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics

References

Snow and Ice Hydrology Project, Snow and Ice Hydrology Project, Upper Indus Basin, Overall Report, WAPDA- IDRC-Wilfrid Laurier University, (1990).

Akhtar, M; Ahmad, N. and Booij, M.J; The impact of climate change on the water resources of Hindukush– Karakorum–Himalaya region under different glacier coverage scenarios, J. Hydrol., 355 (2008), 148-163.

Archer, D.R. and Fowler, H.J.; Using meteorological data to forecast seasonal runoff on the River Jhelum, Pakistan, J. Hydrol., 361 (2008), 10-23.

Internet link (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming), last access on 02.09.2009.

Ali, G.; Impact of climate change on fresh water resources of Pakistan, IUCN Climate Change Seminar, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan (2008).

Khan, M.A.; Climate change research in Pakistan, Regional Conference on Climate change: Challenges and Opportunities for South Asia, Islamabad, Pakistan, (2009).

Bhutiyani, M.R.; Kale, V.S. and Pawar, N.J.; Climate change and the precipitation variations in the northwestern Himalaya: 1866–2006, Int. J. Climatol., 30 (2010), 535–548.

Kioutsioukis, I; Melas, D. and Zerefos, C.; Statistical assessment of changes in climate extremes over Greece (1955–2002), Int. J. Climatol. 30 (2010), 1723–1737.

IPCC Statement on melting of the Himalayas Glaciers, January 20th (2010); (www.ipcc.ch)

Hewitt, K.; Mountain Research and Development, 25(2005), No.4.

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Summary for Policy Makers of WG-II, released on April 6th, (2007); (www.ipcc.ch)

World Bank Report, Pakistan's Water Economy: Running Dry, (2006).

Technical Report, Snow and Glaciers Aspects of Water Resources Management in the Himalayas, Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK. (2004).

Quick, M.C. and Pipes, A.; A combined snowmelt and rainfall-runoff model, Can. J. Civil Engg., 3(1976), 449–460.

Quick, M.C. U.B.C.; Watershed Model ManualVersion 4.0. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, (1995).

Assaf, H. and Quick, M.C.; Updating hydrological model forecasts, Can. J. Civil Engg., 18 (1991a), 663– 674.

Druce, D.J.; Insights from a history of seasonal inflow forecasting with a conceptual hydrologic model, J. Hydrol., 249(2001), 102–112.

Hudson, R.O. and Quick, M.C.; Component based water chemistry simulator for small subalpine watersheds, Can. Water Res. J., 22(1997), 299–325.

Singh, P. and Kumar, N.; Impact assessment of climate change on the hydrological response of a snow and glacier melt runoff dominated Himalayan river, J. Hydrol., 193(1997), 316–350.

Khan, M.I.; The effects of snow avalanches on the hydrologic regime of the Kunhar river, Western Himalayan, Pakistan: analysis and application to river flow forecasting, M.A.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, (1995), 148 pp.